How to Cite a Personal Communication in APA: Format and Examples
Complete guide to citing personal communications in APA 7th edition format.
Citation Format
(A. A. Sender, personal communication, Month Day, Year)Example
(J. A. Smith, personal communication, January 15, 2024)Important Notes
- Cite only in text, not in reference list
- Include the date
- Use for emails, conversations, etc.
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Personal-communication Citations in Other Styles
How to Cite Personal-communication in MLA
Complete guide to citing personal communications in MLA 9th edition format.
How to Cite Personal-communication in Chicago
Complete guide to citing personal communications in Chicago 17th edition format.
How to Cite Personal-communication in IEEE
Complete guide to citing personal communications in IEEE format.